Phenotyping: what is it?
Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen in 1909 described the word gene, genome, phenotype, and genotype to explain the subject of phenotyping. A gene is the smallest particle or part of the cell which is important for the control of life. That’s why the gene is called the basic unit of life.
Genome projects were started in the late 18th century to find the gene sequencing of living organisms. However, the progress in this field was very slow because of a lack of useful and authentic information or knowledge about the genomes and genes. With the passage of time and advancement in science and technology, it has become more visible and easier for scientists to find phenotyping.
The sources of phenotyping:
There are mainly three sources of phenotyping that are important and essential for the professionals of this field. These sources are genotypes, environment, and phenotypes of the organisms. Remember, a combination of these three factors makes the phenotyping of any organism easy and possible. Evolution by natural selection is only possible when genotypes and phenotypes are combined with the environment.
These changes are brought about because of continuous natural selection. The theory turns towards the concept of survival of the fittest from this point. Environmental interactions are important to make the specific genotypes and phenotypes. Do you think these factors will be used for the phenotyping of any organism?
Types of phenotyping:
There are two types of phenotyping that are institutional phenotyping and clinical phenotyping. The institutional technique enables scientists to find information about the genes at the individual level. But the clinical techniques are capable to find information about the genes in large communities and organisms. It means the groups of organisms can be studied easily by using clinical techniques of phenotyping.
What does phenotyping explain?
The phenotyping of organisms explains the evolution of those particular organisms. As a matter of fact, there are different evolutionary types of all the organisms present around us. These evolutionary types are called species. Species may be similar in appearance, morphology, and behavior but genetically there will be a huge difference between that particular organism and other species of the same group.
You can differentiate these species from each other with the help of proper phenotyping. The extended genes and genotypes are easy to measure with the help of this technique. In order to make the genetic characters and features of the organism clearer, this technique will be used.